What is a surrogate mother and how does the process work?什么是代孕妈妈，代孕妈妈如何工作？ Kim and Kanye have just announced the birth of their third baby via a surrogate. Kim和Kanye刚刚宣布他们的第三胎是通过代孕的方式诞生的。 Kim suffers from a condition called placenta accreta, which caqncause severe problems to mother and baby during and after pregnancy. This is why they decided it was safest to use a surrogate. It’s an extremely big decision, but one that’s been vital in helping people have babies who otherwise wouldn’t be able to. Kim患有一种称为胎盘植入的病症，这在怀孕期间和之后对母亲和婴儿造成严重问题。这就是为什么他们决定找代孕妈妈是最安全的。 找代孕妈妈帮助代孕生孩子是一个非常重大的决定，代孕对帮助不孕不育的人们拥有后代是至关重要的。  Kim and Kanye have just announced the birth of their third baby via a surrogate. Kim和Kanye刚刚宣布他们的第三胎是通过代孕的方式诞生的。 Kim suffers from a condition called placenta accreta, which caqncause severe problems to mother and baby during and after pregnancy. This is why they decided it was safest to use a surrogate. It’s an extremely big decision, but one that’s been vital in helping people have babies who otherwise wouldn’t be able to. Kim患有一种称为胎盘植入的病症，这在怀孕期间和之后对母亲和婴儿造成严重问题。这就是为什么他们决定找代孕妈妈是最安全的。 找代孕妈妈帮助代孕生孩子是一个非常重大的决定，代孕对帮助不孕不育的人们拥有后代是至关重要的。  Surrogacy is when someone carries a baby for another person or couple, giving the child to them once it’s born. 代孕是指一个女性为另一个人或一对夫妇怀孕一个婴儿，当孩子出生后给委托人。 There are two different types of surrogacy: 代孕有两种不同的类型： Traditional surrogacy This method involves insemination of the surrogate mother by the sperm of the intended father. 传统代孕 这种方法涉及孩子生物学父亲的精子与代孕妈妈卵子的授精。 The baby will technically be related to the surrogate, but an agreement will be made so that the intended father (and a partner, if he has one) will raise the child. 这种方式出生的婴儿在遗传上与代孕妈妈有关，但是委托人和代孕妈妈在事前会达成协议，以便委托人父亲会抚养孩子。 Sometimes a sperm donor may also be used in this instance, but the insemination will still happen in a traditional manner. If donor sperm is used, there can be issues around custody – since the baby won’t be biologically be related to either intended parent (but will be related to the surrogate). In that case, standard adoption procedures may need to take place. 在这种情况下，有时也可能使用捐精，但卵子授精仍然会以传统方式发生。如果使用捐精，可能会出现监护问题 - 因为婴儿在生物学上不会与代孕委托人有关（但会与代孕相关）。在这种情况下，可能需要采纳标准程序。 Gestational surrogacy l This is different in that the insemination happens via IVF (in vitro fertilisation). 这不同于通过IVF（体外受精）进行授精。 l There are a few different combinations of how this embryo is created: 这个胚胎的创建方式有几种不同的方式： l Intended parents’ sperm and egg 孩子生物学父母的精子和卵子 l Donor egg and intended father’s sperm 捐卵者和父亲的精子 l Donor sperm and intended mother’s egg 捐精者和预期的母亲的卵子 l Donor sperm and egg 捐精和捐卵 l Donor embryo (which may be donated by someone who’s gone through IVF and had one left over) 捐赠者胚胎（其他人捐赠的胚胎） One of these sperm/egg combinations will be implanted into the surrogate mother, meaning the baby will not be related to the surrogate in any way. 其中一种受精卵将被植入代孕妈妈身上，这意味着婴儿不会与代孕者有遗传学关系。  The laws around this practice differ greatly depending on the country or state you’re in. In Britain, for example, only altruistic surrogacy is legal – so no money is allowed to change hands. 围绕这种做法的法律根据你所在的国家或国家而有很大差异。例如，在英国，只有利他主义的代孕才是合法的，因此不允许钱交易。 Others will allow surrogate mothers to charge as much as they see fit for remuneration (commercial surrogacy), and some will only allow medical expenses to be paid. 其他人将允许代孕妈妈收取尽可能多的报酬（商业代孕）费用，有些人只会支付医疗费用。 However, in locations where using a surrogate mother is completely permitted, people might travel to somewhere that it is allowed. This is known as fertility tourism. 但是，在完全允许使用代理母亲的地方，人们可能会前往某个允许的地方。这就是所谓的生育旅游。 It has raised some moral and philosophical concerns, as certain people feel that the surrogate may become too attached to the baby before it’s born and not wish to give it to the intended parents. 这也导致一些道德和哲学方面的担忧，因为某些人认为代孕妈妈在宝宝出生之前可能对婴儿过于依恋，不希望将其交给想要的父母。 This dilemma actually came up in November last year, but the surrogate was ordered by the courts to give the baby to the couple she’d made the agreement with.Other celebrities who have used surrogates include Tyra Banks, Jimmy Fallon, and Elton John. 这种困境实际上是在去年11月出现的，但法院下令代理人将婴儿交给她与之达成协议的代孕意向夫妇。 其他使用代理人（代孕公司）的名人包括Tyra Banks，Jimmy Fallon和Elton John。 |
